IJARAI Volume 5 Issue 11

Copyright Statement: This is an open access publication licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, even commercially as long as the original work is properly cited.

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Paper 1: Method for Aerosol Parameter Estimation Error Analysis - Consideration of Noises Included in the Measured Solar Direct and Diffuse Irradiance

Abstract: Method for error analysis of aerosol parameter estimation with assumed noises which are included in the measured solar direct and diffuse irradiance is proposed. The noises included in the measured solar direct and diffuse irradiance are assumed to be Chi-Square probability density function due to the fact that the measured irradiance is represented as output power which is square of output voltage which corresponds to the measured irradiance which is assumed to be normal distribution of probability density function. Aerosol parameters (refractive index which consists of real and imaginary parts, size distribution which is represented by Junge parameter) are estimated with the measured solar direct and diffuse irradiance which corresponds to the acquired output power of the measuring instrument which allows measurement of solar direct and diffuse irradiance. Through experiments with the measured solar direct and diffuse irradiance, it is found that the estimation accuracy of imaginary part of aerosol refractive index is the most sensitive to the added noises followed by size distribution of Junge parameter and real part of aerosol refractive index.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: Aerosol; Atmospheric optical depth; Solar irradiance; Solar direct; Solar diffuse; Aereole; Junge parameter; Size distribution; Real and imaginary parts of refractive index

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Paper 2: Aerosol Parameter Estimation Method Utilizing Solar Direct and Diffuse Irradiance Measuring Instrument without Sun Tracking Mechanics

Abstract: Estimation method of aerosol parameter by means of solar direct and diffuse irradiance measurements with the proposed instrument of fiber-ball radiometer without sun tracking mechanics is proposed. Sky-radiometer and aureole-meter is well known instrument which allows measurements of solar direct and diffuse irradiance for estimation of aerosol parameter. The proposed fiber-ball radiometer also allows solar direct and diffuse irradiance measurements and is comparatively light as well as is composed without any mechanics so that it is portable and is enable to bring anywhere you want including test sites for field campaigns. Meanwhile, it is not always that the fiber-ball instrument points to the sun due to the error of the sun ephemeris calculations as well as sun track do not match to the actual one. Influence due to pointing error on aerosol parameter estimation error is clarified. Possible maximum pointing error may cause some error on aerosol parameter estimation. Experimental results show that 0.43%, 42.23%, 2.12% root mean square errors are suspected for real and imaginary part of refractive index and Junge parameter as of 1.747, 0.0056 and 3.0 of typical case of atmosphere.

Author 1: Kohei Arai

Keywords: Aerosol; Atmospheric optical depth; Solar irradiance; Solar direct; Solar diffuse; Aereole; Junge parameter; Size distribution; Real and imaginary parts of refractive index

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Paper 3: Method for NIR Reflectance Estimation with Visible Camera Data based on Regression for NDVI Estimation and its Application for Insect Damage Detection of Rice Paddy Fields

Abstract: Method for Near Infrared: NIR reflectance estimation with visible camera data based on regression for Normalized Vegetation Index: NDVI estimation is proposed together with its application for insect damage detection of rice paddy fields. Through experiments at rice paddy fields which is situated at Saga Prefectural Agriculture Research Institute SPARI in Saga city, Kyushu, Japan, it is found that there is high correlation between NIR reflectance and Green color reflectance. Therefore, it is possible to estimate NIR reflectance with visible camera data which results in possibility of estimation of NDVI with drone mounted visible camera data. As is well known that the protein content in rice crops is highly correlated with NIR intensity, or reflectance of rice leaves, it is possible to estimate rice crop quality with drone based visible camera data.

Author 1: Kohei Arai
Author 2: Kenji Gondoh
Author 3: Osamu Shigetomi
Author 4: Yuko Miura

Keywords: Rice crop; Rice leaf; Nitrogen content; Protein content; NIR reflectance; Water content; Size of rice leaves; Weight of rice crops

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Paper 4: Contribution to Securing Connections in a Communications Network: Modeling and Conception of a Fraud Detector

Abstract: With the explosion in the volume of data, it became primordial for businesses and responsible to implement new tools to detect in real time the unusual changes in its communications network to address all security holes. In this sense, one of the most recently used solutions is the migration of relational databases to the directed graph databases, thanks to his capacity to manage huge and complex bases, and his easiness of management of security. It is in this sense that this work is located, whose objective is firstly to model the data as a graph with nodes representing users and arcs represent the connection between users. And secondly to monitor connections of links between the different nodes to facilitate the task to one who will handle this data with the ultimate goal of detecting cases of fraud. Indeed, it is to propose a modeling and conception of a technique to improve the communication network management to monitor and report real-time alerts in the event of fraud.

Author 1: Souad EZZBADY
Author 2: Abdelwahed NAMIR

Keywords: Directed graph database; strongly connected components; Security Management; Theorem graph; communication network.

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Paper 5: Performance Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Cells for Telecommunication Cellular Network in Remote Areas of Pakistan

Abstract: In this research design and implementation of solar photo voltaic cell is done for base transceiver system (BTS) of telecom cellular networks in remote areas of Pakistan, to accomplish this task investigation is done regarding the present alternate power source of base transceiver system (BTS) that is the generator sets used as a stand-by, prime and t-prime source. This research will examine that generator sets fuel consumption and maintenance cost is considerably high and the cellular company has to pay a lot to keep a site on air and to overcome the connectivity issues.To resolve these issues this research is aimed to implement solar technology on BTS, for this purpose exploration is done regarding BTS rectifier system and suggested to use power on distribution systems 16 (PODS 16), latest technology evolution (LTE) based instead of the simple BTS rectifier, this new rectifier is intelligent and has redundant ways to overcome power issues as it has the capability to work directly on solar panel equipments and it requires DC supply. Other important factor is that solar panel recharge batteries for power backup and to keep the site on air during night time. Different cost comparison of solar and generator sets have been done by taking real data of different remote areas sites and in the end it is concluded that solar is the alternate costless, environmental friendly source of energy for BTS and can be implemented both for off-grid and on-grid systems.

Author 1: Abdul Ghayur
Author 2: Sanaullah Ahmad
Author 3: Manzoor Ahmad

Keywords: Network performance parameters, Power on distri-bution system, On-grid-Solar systems, Latest technology evolution

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